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Article History

Received: 12 July 2025

Accepted: 2 March 2026

First Online: 6 March 2026

Declarations

:

: This study involving human participants adheres to the Declaration of Helsinki . In accordance with Article 32 of the Measures for Ethical Review of Life Science and Medical Research Involving Human Beings (deliberated and approved by the National Science and Technology Ethics Committee of China, which serves as the institutional review board [IRB] overseeing such research in China), research using anonymized data, posing no harm, and involving no sensitive personal information is exempt from ethical review requirements. This study meets these exemption criteria: it utilised anonymised interview records with data strictly limited to academic analysis. All participants involved in the study have provided informed consent for their data to be included.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.