Yin, Huamin
Wang, Chen
Meng, Hongxing
Ding, Hongjun
Ma, Hongyu
Funding for this research was provided by:
Qingdao Philosophy and Social Science Research Project (QDSKL220101)
the Shandong Province Undergraduate Teaching Reform Research Project (M2023031)
Humanities and Social Sciences Research of the Ministry of Education (20JDSZ3121)
Article History
Received: 30 July 2025
Accepted: 3 March 2026
First Online: 1 April 2026
Declarations
:
: The study was conducted in accordance with the recommendations of the World Medical Association’s Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Life Science Ethics Review Committee of Central China Normal University (CCNU-IRB-202410012b), and all participants provided informed consent.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.