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Prediction of academic outcomes by serum cortisol, perceived academic stress, perceived memory performance, and physical activity among preclinical undergraduate medical students: a short-term observational study

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-026-04327-6

Published Online: 2026-03-11

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Ganesh, Pathmavarthini

Kaliyappan, Ughanthinii

Sella Balakanapathi, Shalini

Santhanasamy, Sylvia Rubini

Parantaman, Trisha

Swami Vivekananda, Devaashiny

Mohamad Taridi, Nursiati

Raja Malek Ridhuan, Raja Zarith Fatiah

Rajo, Rubythra Dewi

Zarkasi, Khairul Anwar
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-03-11

Version of Record valid from 2026-04-20
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Article History

Received: 23 January 2026

Accepted: 5 March 2026

First Online: 11 March 2026

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval of this study was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (Reference No. 24/2024). The research protocol adhered to the ethical guidelines established by the university and the Declaration of Helsinki. The consent forms explained the study’s objectives, emphasised voluntary participation, explained confidentiality of personal data, and ensured participants’ right to withdraw from the study at any point without penalty. Data collection was conducted with anonymity, with all personal identifiers removed during processing and analysis. All participants provided written informed consent.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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