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Authors
Wang, Xiao
Liu, Yongmei
Zhang, Xiaoling
Zhang, Jiali
Lin, Xiaoha
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The in-hospital Nursing Research Fund at the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (2023hlky06)
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Article History
Received: 24 October 2025
Accepted: 9 March 2026
First Online: 16 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study has been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (approval number: 2024K216-1). The research adhered to the ethical standards set by the Declaration of Helsinki. Each patient voluntarily participated in this study and completed an informed consent form prior to completing the questionnaires.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
