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Article History

Received: 7 November 2025

Accepted: 12 March 2026

First Online: 21 March 2026

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Ethics Review Committee of the School of Psychology at Northwest Normal University (Approval No. psynwnu-052). All participants provided informed consent prior to their involvement in the study. The research was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, and all data were anonymized to protect participant privacy.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.