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Authors
Wang, Yingdi
Luo, Fang
Liu, Yanan
Xin, Tao
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFC3340801)
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Article History
Received: 10 December 2025
Accepted: 25 March 2026
First Online: 2 April 2026
Declarations
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: The present study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at the Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality at Beijing Normal University (approval number: 2026 − 178). Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to participation. At the beginning of the online questionnaire, participants were informed about the research purpose, intended use of the data and the tasks involved, and could only proceed after providing informed consent.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
