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Authors
Li, Chuan
Zhong, Ruoxi
Chen, Hao
Liu, Yunwei
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Humanities and Social Science Fund of Ministry of Education of China (21YJCZH061)
Sichuan Center for Rural Development Research (CR2223)
National Social Science Fund of China (22XMZ020)
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Article History
Received: 26 October 2025
Accepted: 7 April 2026
First Online: 13 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethics approval for this study was obtained on 10 June 2024, before the field survey was carried out. The study was reviewed and approved by the Academic Ethics Review Subcommittee of the School of Resources and Environment, Xichang University, China. Written informed consent was obtained from participants prior to the interviews. For participants who were unable to sign due to educational level or other reasons, verbal consent was obtained in the presence of a witness, and the witness signed the consent record for confirmation. Participation was voluntary. In addition, privacy and data protection measures were implemented throughout the research process, including anonymization of personal identifiers and secure storage of both paper and electronic data before analysis.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
