Document is current

Article History

Received: 1 March 2026

Accepted: 9 April 2026

First Online: 21 April 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was reviewed and approved by the Research Ethics Review Committee at Teachers College, Chengdu University (Approval ID: 2024-04). Ethical approval was granted on 10 Jan 2024 and subsequently updated/confirmed on 10 Feb 2024. All procedures involving human participants were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and applicable institutional guidelines. The approval covered the recruitment of adult kindergarten teachers and questionnaire-based data collection, as well as the anonymization, secure storage, and analysis of survey data. Data collection commenced on 12 Jan 2024. Informed consent to participate was obtained electronically from all participants prior to data collection, consistent with the consent procedures reviewed and approved by the ethics committee. Participation was voluntary, and participants were informed about the study purpose, procedures, anonymity/confidentiality, data handling, and their right to refuse or withdraw at any time without penalty or impact on employment.

: Not Applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.