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Authors
Shi, Juan
Liu, Yantong
Tang, Yujun
Fang, Yingzhu
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2025QC729)
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Article History
Received: 17 June 2024
Accepted: 15 April 2026
First Online: 29 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study was carried out following approval by the Ethics Committee of the Department of Psychology at Qingdao University and Linyi Vocational College of Science and Technology. All participants gave informed consent in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Participants were allowed to withdraw from the study whenever they wanted, and the data were collected anonymously.
: All authors have provided consent for the publication of the research findings.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
