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Article History

Received: 2 February 2026

Accepted: 15 April 2026

First Online: 21 April 2026

Declarations

:

: This study received ethics approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at the Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality at Beijing Normal University (approval number: 2025-151). The school received a letter of information that detailed the study’s purpose and procedures, and all participants and their parents received the written informed consent. All participants and their parents agreed that they could take part in the program and consented to use the data and publish relevant results for scientific research. All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

: Not Applicable. During the preparation of this work, the authors used chatGPT to improve language. After using these tools, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the publication.

: The authors declare no competing interests.