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Authors
Chen, Wen
Liu, Ruina
Li, Xian
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Article History
Received: 19 November 2025
Accepted: 16 April 2026
First Online: 30 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Qufu Normal University (Reference Number: IRB-2024-EDU-037). All participants provided written informed consent prior to enrollment. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant national regulations governing educational research in China. Participants were informed of their right to withdraw at any time without penalty, and all data were collected and stored in compliance with data protection regulations.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
