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Authors
Liu, Yang
Yan, Jun
Li, Jie
Liu, Hai
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Research and Practice Program on Teaching Reform of Undergraduate Higher Education in Henan Province (2024SJGLX0142)
Henan Province Philosophy and Social Science Education Research Project (2025JYQS0038)
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Article History
Received: 4 December 2025
Accepted: 20 April 2026
First Online: 23 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of research involving human participants. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Research Ethics Committee of Henan Medical University, China (Approval No.: HMU-REC-2024-PSY-017). All participants were informed about the purpose of the study, and participation was voluntary. Written informed consent was obtained from all respondents prior to completing the survey questionnaire.
: Not Applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
