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Authors
Zhao, Tong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6454-7326
Li, Shuang
Yang, Ying https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8036-8187
Wang, Mohan
Cui, Lijuan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8501-5708
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Major Program of the National Social Science Fund of China (19ZDA357)
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Article History
Received: 7 January 2026
Accepted: 22 April 2026
First Online: 25 April 2026
Declarations
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: The research has been approved by the Human Ethics Review Board of East China Normal University in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (approval reference number: HR2-1018-2020). Written informed consent to participate was obtained from all adolescent participants and their legal guardians.
: Not applicable. All research data were collected anonymously and analyzed in aggregate form. No individual details, personal images, or other identifiable information that could compromise anonymity appear in the manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
