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Authors
Zhang, Ding
Gao, Nan
Wang, Yao
Liu, Xiaoqian
Peng, Haoran
Hu, Shihan
Liu, Xuelan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Annual Program of Philosophy and Social Sciences Planning of Henan Province (2024CJY076)
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Article History
Received: 21 January 2026
Accepted: 27 April 2026
First Online: 2 May 2026
Declarations
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: This study was designed and conducted in full compliance with the latest revision of the Declaration of Helsinki ( ), with particular attention to the protection of the rights, safety, and well-being of human participants. All participants were informed of the purpose, procedures, potential risks, and benefits of the study before participation and provided written informed consent. Participants retained the right to withdraw from the study unconditionally at any time. The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the School of Psychology, South China Normal University (Approval No.: SCNU-PSY-2024-464).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
