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Article History

Received: 3 January 2026

Accepted: 27 April 2026

First Online: 4 May 2026

Declarations

:

: This was a completely anonymous study; no names of participants were collected, and no information that could reveal the identity of the author is accessible. The study was exempt from review by the Institutional Ethics Committee of the Al Balqa Applied University. Ethical considerations were meticulously woven into the fabric of the research process, underscoring the imperatives of participant autonomy, privacy, and confidentiality. Measures were diligently implemented to uphold participant autonomy, ensuring the sanctity of their privacy and confidentiality, alongside furnishing exhaustive information to participants elucidating the research’s purpose. These ethical benchmarks were rigorously adhered to, preserving the study’s integrity and reliability. Furthermore, recognizing the absence of experimental protocols or sensitive data in our research, our university discerned the prudence in delineating ethical codes tailored explicitly for experimental inquiries. This initiative underscores our commitment to fostering ethically sound research practices, thereby fortifying the ethical underpinnings of future research endeavors. All procedures were carried out in accordance with relevant institutional guidelines and regulations and aligned with the Declaration of Helsinki (1964, and its later amendments).

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.