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Authors
Toshishige, Yuko
Hasegawa, Takaaki
Tanaka, Eizaburo
Aoyama, Maho
Mori, Masanori
Morita, Tatsuya
Tsuneto, Satoru
Akechi, Tatsuo
Miyashita, Mitsunori
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (24K16838)
Japan Hospice Palliative Care Foundation
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Article History
Received: 28 November 2025
Accepted: 29 April 2026
First Online: 4 May 2026
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Tohoku University (approval number: 2023-1-872). This central review covered all participating institutions. Participants received written information about the study, and partial or full completion of the questionnaire was accepted as informed consent. The authors affirm that all study procedures complied with the ethical standards of the relevant national and institutional human research committees and with the principles of the 1975 Helsinki Declaration, as revised in 2013.
: As part of the written informed consent process, participants were informed that their anonymized data would be published in reports, with all personal identifiers removed.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
