Kultas, Emrah https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4041-8642
Article History
Received: 10 October 2025
Accepted: 15 May 2026
First Online: 27 May 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consentto participate: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences (Approval Date: April 17, 2025; Decision No: 2025/08–21). The research was conducted in accordance with the principles of the research ethics guidelines of higher education institutions in Turkey. Participants were primary school students, and written informed consent was obtained from their legal guardians.
Consent for publication: Written informed consent for the publication of classroom photographs included in Fig. was obtained from the legal guardians of the participating children prior to publication. No identifying personal or clinical information compromising participant anonymity was disclosed. In addition, all images were anonymized by blurring students’ faces to protect participant privacy.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.