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Article History

Received: 21 December 2025

Accepted: 3 June 2026

First Online: 11 June 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Zhejiang College (Reference Number: SHUFE-ZC-LCC-001). All participants provided written informed consent prior to enrollment. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant national regulations governing research involving human participants in China. Participants were informed of their right to withdraw from the study at any time without consequence to their academic standing.

Consent for publication: Not Applicable.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.