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Authors
Liu, Zhiqiang
Li, Na
Man, Dahu
Wu, Yunpeng
Wu, Huiling
Cao, Jing
Deng, Jue
Xu, Xizheng
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Philosophy and Social Sciences Innovation Team of Yancheng Polytechnic College (YGSK202505)
the Philosophy and Social Science Major Research Project of Jiangsu Province (2020SJZDA166)
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Article History
Received: 27 April 2026
Accepted: 12 June 2026
First Online: 15 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The research protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board / Ethics Committee of Fujian Police College (approval No. 20250502). Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. For participants under the age of 18, written informed consent was also obtained from their parents or legal guardians.
Consent for publication: Not applicable. This manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data in any form (e.g., personal details, images, or videos).
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
