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Authors
Alipour, Fardin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1091-4100
Rafiey, Hassan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0397-8499
Salimi, Yahya https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9351-3208
Ahmadi, Shokoufeh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2877-6260
Paykani, Toktam https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0875-6366
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Health and Medical Education
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Article History
Received: 15 April 2026
Accepted: 10 July 2026
First Online: 16 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study used data from a social health survey in Iran, which was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences (Code: IR.USWR.REC.1402.068). The participants provided verbal consent. All methods/study procedures were carried out in accordance the 2024 Declaration of Helsinki. All participants were informed about the purpose of the study, assured of confidentiality, and provided verbal consent prior to participation. Participation was voluntary, and respondents could withdraw at any time without consequence.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
