Wang, Enna https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5327-2443
Zhang, Junjie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4299-6112
Funding for this research was provided by:
Gansu Province Education Science “14th Five-Year Plan” Key Project (GS[2025]GHBZ172)
Article History
Received: 25 April 2026
Accepted: 23 July 2026
First Online: 1 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This research project was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at the School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University (No. 2023091).
Competing interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.