Luan, Chuankai
Liu, Min
Luan, Chuanmin
Yi, Liqin
Sun, Haiyan
Pan, Yubing
Nie, Longyu
Lei, Chuanping
Article History
Received: 7 February 2026
Accepted: 27 July 2026
First Online: 20 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was reviewed and approved by the Biomedical Ethics Committee of Qufu Normal University (approval number: 2023126) and the Biomedical Ethics Committee of Shandong Sport University (approval number: 2023047). All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (2013 revision). Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study, and all participants signed the electronic informed consent form online prior to study initiation. Participants had the right to withdraw from the study unconditionally at any time without any penalties.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.