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Article History

Received: 3 June 2026

Accepted: 31 July 2026

First Online: 4 August 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was reviewed by the Fort Lewis College IRB prior to any data collection and received a designation of “Exempt” (IRB-2025–165), and thereafter the study complied with all relevant regulations and guidelines. As approved by that IRB, all participants provided informed consent in the form of “implied consent,” which means that participants were provided with study information in written or verbal form, depending on their preference, and verbally indicated their consent to participate. Also, as approved by the Fort Lewis College IRB, the study information did not include the detail that the survey form was randomly selected from one of two translations.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Competing interests: Unrelated to this manuscript, GZ wishes to disclose that he has served as an external advisory board member for Pfizer, Moderna, Merck, and Sanofi, and as a consultant to Merck and Pfizer; has received investigator-initiated research funding from Merck administered through Indiana University; and serves as an unpaid member of the Board of Directors for the Unity Consortium, a nonprofit organization that supports adolescent and young adult health through vaccination. None of the other authors reported any competing interests related to the content of this manuscript.