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Authors
Zhou, Ying
Liu, Xiaoli
Xu, Zikai
Chen, Jiakai
Zhang, Xinnan
Huang, Hui
Zhou, Dongsheng
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ningbo medical and health brand discipline (PPXK 2024-07)
Ningbo Top Medical and Health Research Program (2022030410)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (32371090)
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Article History
Received: 14 October 2025
Accepted: 28 August 2026
First Online: 1 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki, and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Ningbo Kangning Hospital (No. NBKNYY-2021-GC-01) and the Research Ethics Board of the Department of Psychology at Ningbo University. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants and their parents or legal guardians.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
