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Article History

Received: 8 July 2026

Accepted: 7 September 2026

First Online: 29 September 2026

Declarations

Ethical approval: As this study was a meta-analysis synthesizing anonymized aggregate-level data from previously published literature, no new human participants were recruited and no ethical review was required.

Ethics declaration: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.

Statement regarding research involving human participants and/or animals: This article contains no new studies with human participants or animals performed by the authors; all analyses were based solely on aggregate effect sizes reported in previously published work.

Consent to publish: The author agrees to the publication of the paper in the journal.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.