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Article History

Received: 16 May 2026

Accepted: 16 September 2026

First Online: 18 September 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study received ethical approval from the Social and Human Sciences Research Ethics Committee of Yıldız Technical University on December 5, 2023, with approval number 2023/12. All methods and procedures in this study were carried out in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. All experiments and procedures involving human participants were performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research ethics committee and with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. All participants were adults aged 18 years or older. The participants were informed about the purpose of the study and assured that their participation was voluntary, and they could withdraw from the study at any time without coercion. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants before the data collection.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.