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Article History

Received: 12 May 2026

Accepted: 18 September 2026

First Online: 23 September 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: In the original studies, participants were informed about the study purpose, the voluntary nature of participation, confidentiality and its limits in the case of focus groups, and their right to withdraw at any time. All participants gave their written consent prior to participating in the study, and ethical clearance was obtained for each of the original studies. For the current study, ethical approval was obtained from the Industrial Psychology and People Management Research Ethics Committee at the University of Johannesburg (IPPM-2025-933). The study was conducted in accordance with the Belmont Report, the South African National Ethics Guidelines, and institutional guidelines.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.