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Authors
Ssentumbwe, Vicent https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9094-7124
Nabunya, Proscovia
Kizito, Samuel
Namatovu, Phionah
Namuwonge, Flavia
Nabayinda, Josephine
Nattabi, Jennifer
Brathwaite, Rachel
Bahar, Ozge Sensoy
Ssewamala, Fred M.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute of Mental Health (1R01MH113486-01)
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Article History
Received: 10 October 2025
Accepted: 30 October 2026
First Online: 7 November 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Written informed assent and consent were obtained from adolescent participants and their caregivers, respectively, as part of the study registration. To ensure the integrity of the consent process, the forms were translated and back-translated between English and Luganda. The consent process for adult caregivers and children was conducted separately to prevent potential coercion. Adolescents and their caregivers retained a copy of the assent/consent form for future reference. The research outlined in this manuscript was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All study procedures were approved by the Washington University in St. Louis Institutional Review Board (IRB#201703102) and by in-country local IRBs in Uganda: Uganda Virus Research Institute – Research Ethics Committee (UVRI-REC– GC/127/17/07/619) on 04/17/2017, and Uganda National Council of Science and Technology (UNCST – SS4406). The clinical trial study was registered (NCT03307226) on 10/11/2017.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
