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Authors
Karabay, Oguz
Vatan, Asli
Ucar, Abdullah
Yilmaz, Ilknur
Balta, Nurselin Can
Kanturk, Arzu
Dumlu, Ridvan
Cag, Yasemin
Caskurlu, Hulya
Şik, Merve Tokgoz
Otman, Zahide Asik
Balci, Umay
Senbayrak, Seniha
Akhan, Sila
Deniz, Muge Toygar
Yekenkurul, Dilek
Ince, Nevin
Tunca, Bekir
Cakirca, Tuba Damar
Bastug, Aliye
Erkorkmaz, Unal
Guclu, Ertugrul
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Sakarya Üniversitesi
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Article History
Received: 6 March 2025
Accepted: 9 September 2025
First Online: 14 October 2025
Declarations
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: This study received ethical approval from the Sakarya University Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee. The application was thoroughly reviewed, and the committee determined that the study adhered to ethical standards and posed no scientific concerns. The ethical approval was granted on January 31, 2023, under the reference number E-71522473-050.01.04-216291-46. Although this retrospective cohort study was not registered on a clinical trials platform due to its observational nature, it adhered to ethical guidelines and was approved by the institutional review board.
: This study was designed as a retrospective study, and therefore, informed consent was not obtained. The study was conducted using previously collected data, and ethical approval was obtained.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
