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Authors
Alomari, Nedaa
Kurdi, Amani
Alghamdi, Meshari
Alhussaini, Waleed
Ezzeldeen, Ghanem
Alharbi, Eman
Aldahri, Alaa
Islam, Imadul
Essa, Mohammed
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Article History
Received: 23 June 2025
Accepted: 30 September 2025
First Online: 28 October 2025
Declarations
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: The proposed study protocol has been approved and granted the necessary ethical approvals by the institutional review board (IRB) committee at King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), assigned to protocol number: NRR24/041/5 . The need for informed consent from participants was waived in accordance with the IRB approval of KAIMRC due to the retrospective design of the study. Our study investigations and methods were conducted in compliance with the Helsinki Declaration. All patient data were fully anonymized before access by investigators, and analyses were conducted in accordance with institutional data protection protocols and international standards.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
