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Authors
Zhang, Tao
Yi, Jingjing
Cheng, Hua
Han, Xinyan
Wang, Yan
Xie, Jiao
Yang, Qianting
Hu, Sasa
Dong, Yalin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (82404762)
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Article History
Received: 5 July 2025
Accepted: 28 October 2025
First Online: 18 November 2025
Declarations
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: All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations (including the Helsinki Declaration). All experimental protocols were approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the Stomatology College Affiliated to Xi’an Jiaotong University (Approval No.: 2024-XJKQIEC-KY-QT-0050-001). The requirement for informed consent was waived by the same IRB due to the retrospective nature of the study and the use of anonymized clinical data, in compliance with local regulations.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
