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Authors
Kalayci, Arzu
Gibson, C. Michael
Januzzi, James L. Jr.
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Article History
Received: 8 May 2026
Accepted: 11 August 2026
First Online: 14 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study is a narrative review and does not involve human participants, patient data, or animal subjects.
Competing interests: Dr. Januzzi has received research support from Abbott, Applied Therapeutics, AstraZeneca, HeartFlow, and Novartis; he has received consulting income from Abbott, Applied Therapeutics, AstraZeneca, Beckman, Bristol Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim, Intellia, Novartis, Pfizer, Merck, Roche Diagnostics, and Siemens; he participates in clinical endpoint committees/data safety monitoring boards for Abbott, AbbVie, Bayer, CVRx, Horizon, Johnson & Johnson, and Takeda, and reports equity in Imbria Pharmaceuticals and Jana Care. Dr. Gibson has received research support from Johnson & Johnson and CSL Behring; and consulting support from AstraZeneca, CSL Behring, Johnson & Johnson, Janssen, and Bayer. Dr. Kalayci declares no competing interests.
