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Authors
Schindler, Alexander R.
Fox, Anthony D.
Walsh, Alyn J.
Griffin, Larry R.
Kelly, Seán B. A.
Cao, Lei
Weegman, Mitch D.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Saskatchewan
University of Missouri
National Parks and Wildlife Service
Institute for Wetland and Waterfowl Research, Ducks Unlimited Canada
Ducks Unlimited Inc.
Ducks Unlimited Canada Endowed Chair in Wetland and Waterfowl Conservation
Hugh Boyd Scholarship in Waterbird Ecology
Dorris D. and Christine M. Brown Fellowship
Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust
Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Article History
Received: 22 May 2025
Accepted: 15 September 2025
First Online: 16 October 2025
Declarations
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: Captures and handling of wild geese were permitted through the Icelandic Institute of Natural History and British Trust for Ornithology. Capture and handling of wild geese were approved by the University of Missouri Animal Care and Use Committee (Protocol #9528) and University of Saskatchewan Animal Care Committee (Protocol #20210089).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
