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Authors
Rime, Yann https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7264-6753
Lutgen, Dave https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0793-3930
Péter, Áron
Alaei Kakhki, Niloofar
Illa, Marc https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0405-8638
Wong, Joanna B. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4607-2803
Hauser, Gilles
Pilati, Marco
Andriopoulos, Pavlos https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5377-2974
Sjöberg, Sissel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1392-7441
Sándor, Attila D. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8852-8341
Burri, Reto https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1813-0079
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Article History
Received: 6 January 2026
Accepted: 15 March 2026
First Online: 27 March 2026
Declarations
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: All animals in this study were captured, ringed, tagged and released without harm under the necessary permits. Geolocator weight was comprised between 3 and 4% of the body mass of the birds. Western Black-eared Wheatears: permits have been issued by the Servei de Fauna i Flora de la Generalitat de Catalunya. Permit numbers: SF/0179/24 (2024) and SF/0137/25 (2025). Eastern Black-eared Wheatears: permit has been issued by the Ministry of Environment and Energy, General Secretariat of Environment, General Directorate of Forests and Forest Environment, Directorate of Forest Management, and Department of Wildlife and Game Management. Permit number: ΥΠΕΝ/ΔΔΔ/10411/347 (2022). Pied Wheatears: permits have been issued by the Ministry for Environment, Waters and Forests, National Agency for Protected Areas and Environmental Protection Agency. Permit numbers: 126/ST CT/25.05.2021; 3729/03.04.2023. Ringing took place under the license G32345 (A. Sándor).
: The authors declare no competing interests.
