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Article History

Received: 10 May 2025

Accepted: 28 May 2026

First Online: 3 June 2026

Declarations

:

: Our research adheres to the ASAB/ABS Guidelines for the Use of Animals in Research. The Corvid Lab, Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, obtained the licence for GPS-tagging of ravens from the commission for animal experimentation of the Austrian government under the approval number ‘BMBWF-66.006/0015-V/3B/2018’, valid until 30/06/2022; and ‘GZ 2021 − 0.873.421’, valid until 31/12/2026. Further, the study was approved by the Internal Ethics Committee (Permit Number 2014–018) of the Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.