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Authors
Alarcón-Nieto, Gustavo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4076-3750
Maldonado-Chaparro, Adriana A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0853-4966
Bosque, Carlos https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8507-5903
Kümmeth, Franz
Safi, Kamran https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8418-6759
Wikelski, Martin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9790-7025
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior
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Article History
Received: 10 April 2026
Accepted: 22 July 2026
First Online: 28 July 2026
Declarations
Ethical approval: Capture and tagging were conducted in 2008 by Richard A. Holland, Martin Wikelski, Franz Kummeth and Carlos Bosque, under permits from the Ministerio del Ambiente (#2255) and Instituto Nacional de Parques (Inparques, #0789) in Venezuela, and birds were handled in accordance with the American Ornithological Union’s Guidelines for the use of wild birds in research.
Declaration of AI use: We have not used AI-assisted technologies in creating this article.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
