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Article History

Received: 23 November 2024

Accepted: 6 April 2025

First Online: 16 April 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The research protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Hakim Sabzevari University. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their involvement in the study, ensuring they were fully aware of the study’s purpose, procedures, potential risks, and their right to withdraw at any time without penalty.

: I hereby confirm that all authors have reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript and agree to its submission for publication in Language Testing in Asia. Furthermore, I declare that this manuscript has not been published elsewhere and is not under consideration by any other journal or publisher. I acknowledge that all participants involved in the research have provided informed consent for their data to be included in this publication.

: The authors declare no competing interests.