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Authors
LI, ying
Hu, Bo
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Macau University of Science and Technology (FRG-24-034-UIC, FRG-24-034-UIC)
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Article History
Received: 9 April 2025
Accepted: 4 June 2025
First Online: 19 June 2025
Declarations
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: In accordance with the regulations, this study is classified as a routine educational quality project and, therefore, does not require approval from an Ethics Committee or Institutional Review Board. The study does not involve animal or human clinical trials and is not unethical. In line with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki, all participants provided informed consent prior to participating in the study. The anonymity and confidentiality of participants are guaranteed, and participation was entirely voluntary.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
