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Authors
Kurniasih, Nia
Rahmansyah, Sutiadi
Nuriman, Harry
Roza, Prima
Nurhayati, Iis Kurnia
Hidayat, Esa Fajar
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Program Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat (PPMI) Institut Teknologi Bandung, 2023
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Article History
Received: 28 November 2024
Accepted: 5 June 2025
First Online: 11 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The research protocol was reviewed and approved by institutional review boards at each participating university, aligning with established guidelines for human subject research. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their involvement in the study, ensuring they were fully aware of the study’s purpose, procedures, potential risks, and their right to withdraw at any time without penalty.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
