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Article History

Received: 2 May 2025

Accepted: 24 July 2025

First Online: 6 August 2025

Declarations

:

: The study observed ethical principles and concerns in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Moreover, the study was approved by Allameh Tabataba’i University’s Internal Review Board (IRB) of ethics. All the participants provided a written consent form before taking part in the study.

: The authors agreed to publish this study in Language Testing in Asia.

: The authors declare no competing interests.