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Authors
Nguyen, Thuy Lan
Nguyen, Thi Ngoc Quynh
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Languages and International Studies, Vietnam National University, Hanoi
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Article History
Received: 31 May 2025
Accepted: 24 September 2025
First Online: 27 November 2025
Declarations
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: A letter of ethics approval by the leader of the institution where the research was conducted was submitted to the system.
: The authors hereby give our consent for the publication of the current paper in the journal Language Testing in Asia or its special issues. We understand that this material may be published in print and online, and may be seen by a broad audience, including the general public. We understand that every effort will be made to ensure our anonymity, but complete anonymity cannot be guaranteed. We have read and understand this consent form.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
