Estaji, Masoomeh
Momeni, Ali
Brown, Gavin T. L.
Article History
Received: 3 November 2025
Accepted: 7 February 2026
First Online: 21 February 2026
Declarations
:
: All procedures performed in the study were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments, or with comparable ethical standards. All participants provided written consent before taking part in the study.
: The authors agreed to publish this study in Language Testing in Asia.
: The authors declare no competing interests.