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Article History

Received: 2 October 2025

Accepted: 21 March 2026

First Online: 11 April 2026

Declarations

:

: The study was based solely on document analysis of publicly available educational policy documents, curriculum standards, and university course syllabi. Ethical approval was therefore not required. The syllabi used in the study were obtained from Farhangian University instructors with their permission and voluntary consent to share the course materials for research purposes.

: Not applicable, as the study did not involve any personal data or identifiable human participants.

: The authors declare no competing interests.