Document is current

Article History

Received: 4 June 2025

Accepted: 9 August 2025

First Online: 20 August 2025

Declarations

:

: Results are based on data generated by the CBTN. Patients were consented by one of 32 participating sites and enrolled on a local IRB-approved protocol which includes key language to enable prospective collection of, future research on, and sharing of, de-identified surgical specimens, patient demographics, medical history, diagnoses, treatments, and clinical imaging. Tumor molecular profiling data were generated through informed consent as part of CBTN efforts and analyzed here per CBTN’s data use guidelines and restrictions. CBTN Member institutions include the following: Akron Children’s Hospital, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Neurosurgery Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Children’s National Hospital, Children’s of Alabama, Dayton Children’s Hospital, Doernbecher Children’s Hospital, Hassenfeld Children’s Hospital at NYU Langone, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Intermountain Primary Children’s Hospital, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Joseph M. Sanzari Children’s Hospital at Hackensack University Medical Center, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Stanford, Maria Fareri Children’s Hospital at Westchester Medical Center, Meyer Children’s Hospital, Michigan Medicine C.S. Mott Children’s Hospital, Nicklaus Children’s Hospital, Orlando Health Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Seattle Children’s Hospital, St. Louis Children’s Hospital, Sydney Children’s Hospital in Randwick, Texas Children’s Hospital, UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital, University Children’s Hospital Zürich, University of Iowa Stead Family Children’s Hospital, UNC Chapel Hill—North Carolina Children’s Hospital, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Wake Forest Baptist Health, and Weill Cornell Medicine.

: Informed consent entailed enrollment on a local IRB-approved protocol which includes key language to enable prospective collection of, future research on, and sharing of, de-identified surgical specimens, patient demographics, medical history, diagnoses, treatments, and clinical imaging.

: The authors declare no competing interests.