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Authors
Duckett, Drew
Santana-Santos, Lucas
McCord, Matthew
Smith, Vanessa
Lopes, M. Beatriz S.
Youngblood, Mark W.
Magill, Stephen T.
Chandler, James P.
Heimberger, Amy B.
Lukas, Rimas
Ahrendsen, Jared T.
Primdahl, Ditte
Stupp, Roger
Castellani, Rudolph J.
Horbinski, Craig M.
Brat, Daniel J.
Jennings, Lawrence J.
Sukhanova, Madina
Jamshidi, Pouya
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Article History
Received: 8 July 2025
Accepted: 8 November 2025
First Online: 29 December 2025
Declarations
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: This research was carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All patient data was de-identified prior to analysis. This study was approved under a Northwestern University Institutional Review Board – approved protocol (STU00218648).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
