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Authors
Tarutani, Airi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3835-9070
Nonaka, Takashi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0830-9403
Ohtani, Reiko
Imai, Kazunori
Ito, Yasuhiro
Tsuji, Hiroshi
Mochizuki, Akihide
Tamaoka, Akira
Arai, Tetsuaki
Robinson, Andrew C.
Mann, David M. A.
Kosaka, Takayuki
Takahashi, Hitoshi
Kakita, Akiyoshi
Yoshida, Mari
Hasegawa, Masato https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7415-8159
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (JP24wm0625120)
Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (JP21wm0425019)
Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (JP24dk0207074h0001)
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JP20K16482)
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JP25K21773)
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JP24H00624)
Japan Science and Technology Agency (JPMJCR18H3)
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Article History
Received: 5 October 2025
Accepted: 16 December 2025
First Online: 4 January 2026
Declarations
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: Autopsies were carried out after written informed consent was obtained from family members, and the study protocols were approved by the ethical committees of Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Aichi Medical University, the University of Tsukuba and Niigata University. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. Cases supplied by Manchester Brain Bank were either considered exempt from consent under the UK Human Tissue Act 2004 (cases collected before 1 st September 2006) or has written informed consent in place (cases collected after 1 st September 2006). All brain tissues were anonymized.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
