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Authors
Snorradottir, Asbjorg Osk
Hafsteinsson, Hjalti Karl
Hansdottir, Klara
Ingthorsson, Saevar
Gudmundsson, Sigurdur Runar
Skodras, Angelos
Isaksson, Helgi J.
Hakonarson, Hakon
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Heilavernd
Arctic Therapeutics
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Article History
Received: 23 October 2025
Accepted: 12 January 2026
First Online: 27 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the National Bioethics Committee of Iceland (permit nos. 15-060 and 2411044) and the Biobank of the Department of Pathology at Landspítali University Hospital (permit nos. L-01-22 and L-01-25). Individual participation consent is not applicable, as all materials analyzed were obtained post-mortem during diagnostic autopsies.
: Not applicable.
: Dr Hakonarson is the founder of and holds equity in Arctic Therapeutics developing NAC and NACA for HCCAA and AD. Drs. Hakonarson and Snorradottir have filed patent application for therapeutic interventions of HCCAA and AD. No other disclosures are reported.
