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Authors
Lotsch, Catharina
Giuliani Canizales, Nicoletta
Jassowicz, Lena
Rommel, Carmen
Barthel, Mandy
Lamszus, Katrin
Kessler, Almuth F.
Grabe, Niels
Loehr, Mario
Ketter, Ralf
Senft, Christian
Maas, Sybren L. N.
Sievers, Philipp
Westphal, Manfred
Simon, Matthias
von Deimling, Andreas
Unterberg, Andreas
Krieg, Sandro M.
Sahm, Felix
Warta, Rolf
Herold-Mende, Christel
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Medizinische Fakultät Heidelberg der Universität Heidelberg
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Article History
Received: 23 December 2025
Accepted: 5 March 2026
First Online: 18 March 2026
Declarations
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: The use of tissue specimens was approved by institutional review boards at each institute (Departments of Neurosurgery at University Hospitals Heidelberg, Bonn, Hamburg, Homburg, Frankfurt, and Würzburg, Germany as part of the “FORAMEN” and “KAM” consortia) in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients included in the study cohort.
: Not applicable.
: Felix Sahm is co-founder and shareholder of Heidelberg Epignostix GmbH. All other authors declare that they have no competing interests.
