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Article History

Received: 4 February 2026

Accepted: 5 June 2026

First Online: 13 June 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: The TG and WT littermates used in this study were generated and bred in accordance with and approved by the Danish Animal Experimentation Council (license no. 2020–15-0202–00071). All experiments were conducted in accordance with and approved by the Danish Animal Experimentation Council (license no. 2023–15-0201–01422). The use of brain material from the Bispebjerg Brain Bank was approved under the regional ethical committee (j.no.: H-15016232) and Danish data protection agency (j.no.: P-2020–937).

Consent for publication: All authors consent to publish this manuscript.

Competing interests: Claudio Soto is a Founder, Chief Scientific Officer, consultant and shareholder of Amprion Inc., a biotechnology company that focuses on the commercial use of seed amplification assays for high-sensitivity detection of misfolded protein aggregates involved in various neurodegenerative diseases. Sandra Pritzkow also has a conflict in relation to Amprion. The University of Texas Health Science Center has licensed patents to Amprion. The Amprion® SAA and the recombinant 6xHis-tagged α-Syn (Amprion®, #S2020) as described herein are the subject of U.S. and other awarded and pending patents. The use thereof by the Department of Neurology, Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's disease and related brain disorders, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, is by limited permission only. All inquiries about the use of the Amprion® SAA and the recombinant 6xHis-tagged α-Syn (Amprion®, #S2020) for diagnostic and/or drug development purposes should be directed to Amprion, Inc.