Hou, Xu
Powles, Savannah Tiemann
Hompesch, Hannah K.
Rubiano, Julian
Koga, Shunsuke
Chen, Taylor Hsuan-Yu
Murray, Melissa E.
Dickson, Dennis W.
Fiesel, Fabienne C.
Springer, Wolfdieter
Funding for this research was provided by:
Mayo Clinic (P30AG062677)
Alzheimer's Association (AARF-22-973152)
National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NIAP25-1445722)
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (U54NS110435)
Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs (HT9425-25-1-0287)
Article History
Received: 8 May 2026
Accepted: 31 August 2026
First Online: 4 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: All brain samples are from autopsies performed after approval by the legal next-of-kin. Research on de-identified postmortem brain tissue is considered exempt from human subjects’ regulations by the Mayo Clinic Institutional Review Board.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: F.C.F. and W.S. are named as inventors on a patent related to PRKN activators (Small Molecule Activators of Parkin Enzyme Function, US patent, 11401255B2; August 02, 2022). All other authors declare they have no competing interests. This research was conducted in compliance with Mayo Clinic conflict of interest policies.